Ch 1 — What Is Artificial Intelligence? — Under the Hood

Symbolic AI internals, the McCulloch-Pitts neuron, knowledge representation, and the Turing Test formalized
Index← High Level
Under the Hood
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ASymbolic AI — Knowledge & Rules1956–1990s dominant paradigm
1
description
Knowledge RepLogic, frames
& ontologies
2
account_tree
InferenceForward & backward
chaining
local_hospital
Expert SystemsMYCIN, DENDRAL
~600 rules
3
arrow_downward From symbols to neurons: the connectionist revolution
BConnectionism — Neural FoundationsMcCulloch-Pitts 1943 → modern deep learning
neurology
McCulloch-Pitts1943 binary
neuron model
4
hub
PerceptronRosenblatt 1958
learned weights
layers
Multi-LayerBackpropagation
1986 revival
5
arrow_downward Formalizing intelligence: the Turing Test
CMeasuring IntelligenceTuring 1950 · Searle 1980 · modern benchmarks
quiz
Imitation GameTuring’s 1950
behavioral test
6
translate
Chinese RoomSearle 1980
syntax ≠ semantics
leaderboard
Modern EvalsMMLU, ARC
HumanEval
7
arrow_downward Classifying AI systems by capability
DAI Taxonomy & Capability LevelsNarrow → General → Super · Hintze Types I–IV
target
Narrow AITask-specific
all current AI
8
psychology
AGIHuman-level
not yet achieved
rocket_launch
ASISuperintelligence
purely theoretical
9
arrow_downward Converging paradigms: the modern AI stack
EThe Modern AI StackNeuro-symbolic · foundation models · the road ahead
merge
Neuro-SymbolicCombining both
paradigms
10
landscape
Full PictureAI today &
what’s next