Ch 2 — History of AI — Under the Hood

Technical deep dive into the key breakthroughs, failures, and turning points that shaped AI
Index← High Level
Under the Hood
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AFoundations & Early Programs1943–1969
1
neurology
M-P Neuron1943 binary
threshold model
hub
Perceptron1958 Rosenblatt
learned weights
2
close
XOR Crisis1969 Minsky
& Papert
3
arrow_downward First AI Winter → Expert Systems Rise
BExpert Systems & Backpropagation1970s–1986
local_hospital
MYCIN1976 ~600 rules
bacterial diagnosis
4
sync
Backprop1986 Rumelhart
Hinton Williams
ac_unit
2nd Winter1987–93
expert sys. bust
5
arrow_downward Quiet progress: CNNs, RL, and game-playing AI
CRevival & Game-Playing Milestones1989–2011
draw
LeNet1989 LeCun
handwriting CNN
6
chess
Deep Blue1997 beats
Kasparov
database
ImageNet2009 Fei-Fei Li
14M images
7
arrow_downward Deep learning explosion: AlexNet → AlphaGo
DDeep Learning Era2012–2017
image
AlexNet2012 ILSVRC
15.3% top-5 err
8
grid_on
AlphaGo2016 beats
Lee Sedol 4–1
auto_awesome
Transformer2017 Vaswani
attention paper
9
arrow_downward Scaling transforms quantity into quality
EThe LLM Era & Today2018–present
smart_toy
GPT-32020 175B params
few-shot learning
10
chat
ChatGPTNov 2022
100M users